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<scolioid.htm> [For educational
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HYMENOPTERA, Scolioidea (now grouped with Vespoidea) One family, the Scoliidae,
is included in this superfamily although sometimes-additional families are
included. They are large, hairy and
usually black with yellow bands on the metasoma. The larvae are external parasitoids of scarabaeid beetle
larvae. Adults are usually found on
flowers. Females burrow into the
ground in their quest for a host.
They sting and paralyze grubs that they find, and then burrow deeper
into the soil to construct a cell around the grub. Many grubs may be stung without oviposition, and they generally
do not recover. There were 25 species
known in North America as of 2000. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = References: Please
refer to <biology.ref.htm>, [Additional
references may be found at: MELVYL Library] Bradley, J. C. 1957. Scolia
(Diliacos) praslini new name (Hym.
Scoliidae). Bull. Soc. Ent. France
62: 53. Bradley, J. C. 1957. A new Brazilean species of Campsomeris (Hymenoptera:
Scoliidae). Ent. News 68: 97-8. Guiglia, D. 1957. Sopra alcuni Scoliidei africani del museo
del Congo Belga (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae).
Rev. Zool.
Bot. Afr. 56: 253-62. Hammer, K. 1955. Contributions à
l'étude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi (Mission P. Basilewsy
1953). Hymenoptera
Mutillidae. Ann. Mus. R. Congo belge
40: 397-403. Hammer, K.
1957 (1956). Beiträge zur
Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Ostafricas, insbesondere des Matengo-Hochlandes. X.
Hymenoptera: Mutillidae. Ann. Naturh.
Mus. Wien 61: 232-37. Invrea, F. 1955. Imenotteri
raccolti da L. Ceresa in Sardegna. II. Altri reperti di Mitillidi e Mirmosidi
con quattro nuove specie. Atti Soc. Ital.
Sci. Nat. 94: 233-54. Invrea, F. 1956. Mutillidi nuovi o
notevoli del bacino mediterraneo (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae). IV. Nota. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 86: 142-50. Invrea, F. 1957. Idem. V.
Nota. Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 36: 189-200. Jacot-Guillarmod, C. 1955.
Contributions à l'étude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi
(Mission P. Basilewsy, 1953). Hymenoptera
Tiphiidae. Ann. Mus. R. Congo belge
40: 391-96. Pilgrim, E. M., C. D. Von Dohlen & J. P.
Pitts. 2008. Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea
indicate paraphyly of the superfamily and novel relationships of its
component families and subfamilies. Zoologica scripta, 37: 539-560. Schuster, R. M.
1956. A revision of the genus Ephuta (Mutillidae) in America
north of Mexico. II. J. NY. Ent. Soc.
64: 7-84. |